Mathematics is an essential subject that involves numbers, shapes, equations, and logical reasoning. Learning the key terms in English will help you discuss and solve problems effectively. Here is a comprehensive list of mathematical vocabulary to boost your understanding.
🔢 Basic Mathematical Operations
- Addition (+) – Adding two or more numbers. (Example: 3 + 2 = 5)
- Sum – The result of addition. (Example: The sum of 5 and 3 is 8.)
- Subtraction (−) – Taking one number away from another. (Example: 5 − 3 = 2)
- Difference – The result of subtraction. (Example: The difference between 8 and 5 is 3.)
- Multiplication (×) – Adding a number to itself multiple times. (Example: 4 × 3 = 12)
- Product – The result of multiplication. (Example: The product of 6 and 2 is 12.)
- Division (÷) – Splitting a number into equal parts. (Example: 12 ÷ 4 = 3)
- Quotient – The result of division. (Example: The quotient of 15 divided by 3 is 5.)
➗ Types of Numbers
- Whole Numbers – Numbers without fractions. (Example: 0, 1, 2, 3…)
- Integers – Whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero. (Example: -3, 0, 4)
- Fractions – A part of a whole. (Example: 1/2, 3/4)
- Decimals – Numbers with a fractional part separated by a decimal point. (Example: 0.5, 3.14)
- Rational Numbers – Numbers that can be expressed as fractions. (Example: 2/3, -4, 0.5)
- Irrational Numbers – Numbers that cannot be expressed as fractions. (Example: √2, π (pi))
- Prime Numbers – Numbers greater than 1 with only two factors (1 and itself). (Example: 2, 3, 5, 7)
- Composite Numbers – Numbers with more than two factors. (Example: 4, 6, 9)
📐 Geometry Terms
- Point – A specific location in space.
- Line – A straight one-dimensional figure extending infinitely.
- Angle – Formed by two lines meeting at a point.
- Types: Acute (<90°), Right (90°), Obtuse (>90°)
- Circle – A round shape with all points equidistant from the center.
- Triangle – A shape with three sides and angles.
- Types: Equilateral, Isosceles, Scalene
- Square – A shape with four equal sides and right angles.
- Rectangle – A shape with opposite sides equal and four right angles.
- Perimeter – The total length around a shape.
- Area – The space inside a shape.
- Volume – The space a 3D object occupies. (Example: Volume of a cube = side³)
🧮 Algebra Terms
- Variable – A symbol representing an unknown value. (Example: x, y)
- Equation – A mathematical statement showing equality. (Example: x + 2 = 5)
- Expression – A mathematical phrase without an equality sign. (Example: 3x + 7)
- Coefficient – The number multiplying a variable. (Example: In 5x, 5 is the coefficient.)
- Constant – A fixed value. (Example: In x + 7, 7 is the constant.)
- Term – A single number, variable, or product of both. (Example: In 3x + 2, 3x and 2 are terms.)
- Inequality – A comparison using <, >, ≤, or ≥. (Example: x > 3)
📊 Statistics and Probability
- Mean – The average of a set of numbers. (Example: Mean of 2, 4, 6 is 4.)
- Median – The middle value in a sorted list. (Example: Median of 1, 3, 5 is 3.)
- Mode – The most frequent value in a set. (Example: Mode of 2, 3, 3, 5 is 3.)
- Range – The difference between the highest and lowest values. (Example: Range of 10 and 2 is 8.)
- Probability – The likelihood of an event occurring. (Example: Probability of getting heads in a coin toss is 1/2.)
🗣️ Vocabulary in Practice
Example Sentences:
- The sum of 4 and 6 is 10.
- A prime number has exactly two factors.
- The area of a rectangle is length × width.
- Solve the equation: 3x + 2 = 11.
- The mean of the test scores was 85.
💬 Practice Questions:
- What is the perimeter of a square with a side length of 5 cm? (Answer: 20 cm)
- What type of number is π (pi)? (Answer: Irrational)
- Solve the equation: 2x + 5 = 15. (Answer: x = 5)
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Learning math vocabulary in English will enhance your ability to solve problems and discuss concepts effectively. 🚀✨